(English_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0a)= # English MFA dictionary v2.0.0a ``````{dictionary} English MFA dictionary v2.0.0a :id: "English MFA dictionary v2_0_0a" :tags: English;MFA;IPA :language: "English" :dialect: N/A :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` ```{admonition} Acoustic models * {ref}`english_mfa_acoustic_model_v2_0_0a` ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Dental - Alveolar - Alveopalatal - Palatal - Velar - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 38529 * Examples * toman: [t ʰ o w m n ̩] * mirth: [m ɝ θ] * miele: [m ʲ i ː ɫ] * mewks: [m ʲ ʉ ː k s] * mʲ * Occurrences: 4166 * Examples * medea: [m ʲ i d ʲ i ː a] * mimi: [m ɪ m ʲ i] * pumy: [p ʲ ʉ ː m ʲ i] * meme: [m ʲ i ː m] * m̩ * Occurrences: 2656 * Examples * hokum: [h o w k m ̩] * oram: [ɒ ː m ̩] * sodom: [s ɑ ɾ m ̩] * chasm: [c ʰ æ z m ̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɱ * Occurrences: 2267 * Examples * info: [ɪ ɱ f o w] * infix: [ɪ ɱ f ɪ k s] * oomph: [ʉ ɱ f] * comfy: [k ʰ ɐ ɱ f ʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 67052 * Examples * neg: [n ɛ ɡ] * nisan: [ɲ i ː s ɑ ː n] * conda: [k ʰ ɑ n d ə] * abuna: [ɑ b ʲ ʉ n ɑ] * n̩ * Occurrences: 7480 * Examples * coven: [k ʰ ɐ v n ̩] * eoan: [i o w n ̩] * ryan: [ɹ a j n ̩] * luton: [l ʉ ː ʔ n ̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɲ * Occurrences: 16157 * Examples * napa: [ɲ æ p ə] * napo: [ɲ e j p ʰ ə w] * nabk: [ɲ æ b ə k] * inyo: [ɪ ɲ ə w] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ŋ * Occurrences: 14369 * Examples * yonks: [j ɒ ŋ k s] * angus: [æ ŋ ɡ ə s] * tonks: [t ʰ ɑ ŋ k s] * prong: [p ɹ ɑ ŋ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 21457 * Examples * ayelp: [ə j ɛ ɫ p] * jumpy: [d ʒ ɐ m p ʲ i] * posse: [p ʰ ɑ s i] * cups: [k ʰ ɐ p s] * voiced * b * Occurrences: 27452 * Examples * betsy: [b ɛ t s i] * brief: [b ɹ i ː f] * keble: [c ʰ i ː b ɫ ̩] * brien: [b ɹ a j n ̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t̪ * Occurrences: 108 * Examples * both: [b o w t ̪] * thing: [t ̪ ɪ ŋ] * width: [w ɪ t ̪] * thumb: [t ̪ ɐ m] * voiced * d̪ * Occurrences: 224 * Examples * with: [w ɪ d ̪] * they: [d ̪ e j] * thems: [d ̪ m ̩ z] * them: [d ̪ m ̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t * Occurrences: 55379 * Examples * ranch: [ɹ æ n t ʃ] * peta: [p ʰ i ː t ə] * shot: [ʃ ɑ t] * fust: [f ɐ s t] * voiced * d * Occurrences: 42445 * Examples * undo: [ɐ n d ʉ ː] * devas: [d ɛ v ə s] * egad: [i ː ɡ æ d] * jie: [d ʒ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * c * Occurrences: 9946 * Examples * honky: [ɒ ː ɲ c i] * creek: [c ɹ i ː k] * cack: [c ʰ æ k] * kilim: [c ʰ i ʎ i m] * voiced * ɟ * Occurrences: 5970 * Examples * gift: [ɟ ɪ f t] * greet: [ɟ ɹ i ː t] * gland: [ɟ ʎ æ n d] * game: [ɟ e j m] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 33321 * Examples * kamba: [k ʰ ɑ ː m b ə] * mac: [m æ k] * cubby: [k ʰ ɐ b ʲ i] * marc: [m ɑ ɹ k] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 14178 * Examples * gov: [ɡ ɐ v] * regal: [ɹ i ː ɡ ɫ ̩] * gown: [ɡ a w n] * cig: [s ɪ ɡ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 6730 * Examples * mute: [m ʲ ʉ ː ʔ] * orta: [ɒ ː ʔ ə] * lit: [ʎ ɪ ʔ] * butte: [b ʲ ʉ ː ʔ] ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʃ * Occurrences: 8697 * Examples * chopp: [t ʃ ɑ p] * chon: [t ʃ ɑ n] * welch: [w ɛ ɫ t ʃ] * coach: [k ʰ o w t ʃ] * voiced * dʒ * Occurrences: 11671 * Examples * fiji: [f ʲ i d ʒ i] * jon: [d ʒ ɑ n] * cabg: [c ʰ æ b ɪ d ʒ] * josh: [d ʒ ɑ ʃ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 79648 * Examples * canis: [c ʰ æ ɲ ɪ s] * dixon: [d ɪ k s ə n] * butsu: [b ʊ t s ʉ] * vases: [v æ s ɪ z] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 31451 * Examples * sines: [s a j n z] * pews: [p ʲ ʉ ː z] * jabs: [d ʒ æ b z] * coils: [k ʰ ɔ j ɫ z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʃ * Occurrences: 15280 * Examples * tule: [t ʃ ʉ ː ʎ i] * etude: [e j t ʃ ʉ ː d] * stash: [s t æ ʃ] * who: [d ɐ b ɫ ̩ j ʉ ː e j t ʃ o w] * voiced * ʒ * Occurrences: 1226 * Examples * jut: [d ʒ ɐ t] * regex: [ɹ ɛ d ʒ ɛ k s] * jokes: [d ʒ o w k s] * dig: [d ɪ d ʒ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * f * Occurrences: 20600 * Examples * forbs: [f ɒ ː b z] * golf: [ɡ ɑ ɫ f] * fall: [f ɒ ɫ] * foe: [f o w] * fʲ * Occurrences: 2615 * Examples * feuds: [f ʲ ʉ ː d z] * fink: [f ʲ i ŋ k] * fusel: [f ʲ ʉ ː z ɫ ̩] * rafi: [ɹ ɑ ː f ʲ i] * voiced * v * Occurrences: 14770 * Examples * garve: [ɡ ɑ ː v] * ogive: [o w d ʒ a j v] * via: [v a j ə] * evert: [i v ɝ t] * vʲ * Occurrences: 1708 * Examples * uvula: [j ʉ ː v ʲ ʊ l ə] * civvy: [s ɪ v ʲ i] * vig: [v ʲ i ɡ] * civey: [s ɪ v ʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * θ * Occurrences: 5746 * Examples * werth: [w ɜ ː θ] * garth: [ɡ ɑ ɹ θ] * thunk: [θ ɐ ŋ k] * theo: [θ i o w] * voiced * ð * Occurrences: 1326 * Examples * thus: [ð ɐ s] * rathe: [ɹ e j ð] * kithe: [c ʰ a j ð] * paths: [p ʰ æ ð z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ç * Occurrences: 2104 * Examples * haem: [ç i ː m] * hib: [ç ɪ b] * haydn: [ç e j ɾ ə n] * hitt: [ç i t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 8413 * Examples * haxor: [h æ k s ɒ ɹ] * het: [h ɛ t] * hilum: [h a j l m ̩] * homey: [h o w m ʲ i] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 12066 * Examples * cmos: [s i ː ɛ m ə w z] * tasso: [t ʰ æ s o w] * bald: [b ə w ɫ d] * wears: [w ɛ ɹ z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɹ * Occurrences: 70152 * Examples * fro: [f ɹ o w] * frosh: [f ɹ ɒ ʃ] * resto: [ɹ ɛ s t ə w] * orse: [ɒ ɹ s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 3260 * Examples * virid: [v a j ɹ ɪ d] * yet: [j ɛ t] * dire: [d a j ɹ] * hired: [h a j ɹ d] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Tap` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɾ * Occurrences: 10267 * Examples * fatal: [f e j ɾ ɫ ̩] * blady: [b l e j ɾ i] * roti: [ɹ o w ɾ i] * judah: [d ʒ ʉ ː ɾ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Lateral` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * l * Occurrences: 28850 * Examples * tcler: [t ʰ ɪ k l ɚ] * lundy: [l ɐ n d ʲ i] * layin: [l e j ɪ n] * plots: [p l ɑ t s] * ɫ * Occurrences: 16542 * Examples * alecy: [e j ɫ s i] * sele: [s i ː ɫ] * hoyle: [h ɔ j ɫ ̩] * bebel: [b e j b ɫ ̩] * ɫ̩ * Occurrences: 8114 * Examples * cupel: [c ʰ ʉ ː p ɫ ̩] * ewell: [j ʉ ː ɫ ̩] * duval: [d ʲ ʉ ː v ɫ ̩] * idle: [a j ɾ ɫ ̩] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ʎ * Occurrences: 20139 * Examples * delia: [d ʲ i ː ʎ ɪ ə] * clip: [c ʎ ɪ p] * luau: [ʎ ʉ a w] * marly: [m ɑ ɹ ʎ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * i * Occurrences: 62307 * Examples * okdk: [ə w c ɪ d ə w c i] * megan: [m ʲ i ː ɡ n ̩] * tariq: [t ʰ a ɹ i k] * kiel: [c ʰ i ɫ] * iː * Occurrences: 17759 * Examples * fetus: [f ʲ i ː ɾ ə s] * jine: [d ʒ i ː n] * beads: [b ʲ i ː d z] * aacdp: [e j e j s i ː d ʲ i ː p ʰ i ː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʉ * Occurrences: 2910 * Examples * poops: [p ʰ ʉ ː p s] * ensue: [ɪ n s ʉ ː] * bute: [b ʲ ʉ ː t] * hew: [ç ʉ ː] * ʉː * Occurrences: 9006 * Examples * ousia: [ʉ ː s ɪ ə] * glute: [ɟ ʎ ʉ ː t] * kuru: [k ʰ ʊ ɹ ʉ ː] * susu: [s ɐ s ʉ ː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * u * Occurrences: 3895 * Examples * nuer: [n u ː a] * roofs: [ɹ u ː f s] * bubo: [b ʲ u ː b o] * poof: [p ʰ u ː f] * uː * Occurrences: 4365 * Examples * hoot: [h u ː t] * lues: [l u ː i ː z] * rus: [ɹ u ː s] * tuvan: [t ʃ u ː v a n] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɪ * Occurrences: 73922 * Examples * whish: [w ɪ ʃ] * jakin: [d ʒ e j c ɪ n] * muniz: [m ʲ ʉ ː ɲ ɪ t s] * muses: [m ʲ ʉ ː z ɪ z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʊ * Occurrences: 7940 * Examples * huron: [ç ʊ ɹ ɑ n] * fully: [f ʊ ʎ i] * pula: [p ʰ ʊ l ə] * wud: [w ʊ d] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * e * Occurrences: 6865 * Examples * raid: [ɹ e j d] * deify: [d e j ə f a j] * grego: [ɟ ɹ e j ɡ ə w] * made: [m e j d] * ej * Occurrences: 17938 * Examples * ame: [e j m ʲ i] * waves: [w e j v z] * jays: [d ʒ e j z] * rays: [ɹ e j z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * o * Occurrences: 6444 * Examples * junco: [d ʒ ɐ ŋ k o w] * cello: [s ɛ l o w] * rhoda: [ɹ o w ɾ ə] * polk: [p ʰ o w ɫ k] * ow * Occurrences: 10138 * Examples * close: [k l o w s] * tyro: [t ʰ a j ɹ o w] * oding: [o w d ʲ i ː ɪ ŋ] * vitro: [v ʲ i ː t ɹ o w] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ə * Occurrences: 71603 * Examples * porto: [p ʰ ɒ ː t ʰ ə w] * grope: [ɡ ɹ ə w p] * allen: [æ l ə n] * sligo: [s l a j ɡ ə w] * ɚ * Occurrences: 9455 * Examples * solar: [s o w l ɚ] * armor: [ɑ ɹ m ɚ] * sider: [s a j ɾ ɚ] * oder: [o w ɾ ɚ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɛ * Occurrences: 43024 * Examples * cares: [c ʰ ɛ ɹ z] * egdon: [ɛ ɡ d ə n] * ucla: [j ʉ s i ɛ l e j] * lnav: [ɛ l ɲ e j v] * ɛː * Occurrences: 1534 * Examples * verde: [v ɛ ː d e j] * fared: [f ɛ ː d] * layer: [l ɛ ː] * vair: [v ɛ ː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɜ * Occurrences: 312 * Examples * turku: [t ʰ ɜ k ʉ ː] * irvin: [ɜ ː v ɪ n] * urn: [ɜ ː n] * curse: [k ʰ ɜ ː s] * ɜː * Occurrences: 3347 * Examples * skirt: [s k ɜ ː t] * lure: [l ɜ ː] * irma: [ɜ ː m ə] * yern: [j ɜ ː n] * ɝ * Occurrences: 3483 * Examples * merc: [m ɝ k] * first: [f ɝ s t] * burrs: [b ɝ z] * erles: [ɝ ɫ z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ɔ * Occurrences: 21365 * Examples * ducky: [d ɔ c ʰ i] * joins: [d ʒ ɔ j n z] * gaw: [ɡ ɔ] * savoy: [s ə v ɔ j] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * æ * Occurrences: 25228 * Examples * rash: [ɹ æ ʃ] * brans: [b ɹ æ n z] * fangs: [f æ ŋ z] * tampa: [t ʰ æ m p ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɐ * Occurrences: 11030 * Examples * cups: [k ʰ ɐ p s] * m'lud: [m ɪ l ɐ d] * sucky: [s ɐ c i] * unget: [ɐ ɲ ɟ ɛ t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * a * Occurrences: 32215 * Examples * nigh: [n a j] * lisa: [l a j z ə] * rheas: [ɹ i ː a z] * there: [d ̪ e a] * aː * Occurrences: 1879 * Examples * quirt: [k w a ː t] * blurs: [b l a ː z] * loess: [l a ː s] * dern: [d a ː n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɑ * Occurrences: 11332 * Examples * hock: [h ɑ k] * darts: [d ɑ ɹ t s] * darla: [d ɑ ɹ l ə] * task: [t ʰ ɑ ː s k] * ɑː * Occurrences: 6813 * Examples * laos: [l ɑ ː o w s] * parse: [p ʰ ɑ ː z] * drama: [d ɹ ɑ ː m ə] * yamen: [j ɑ ː m n ̩] * rounded * ɒ * Occurrences: 15695 * Examples * rioja: [ɹ i ː ɒ k ə] * scots: [s k ɒ t s] * laude: [l ɒ ː d] * skald: [s k ɒ ː ɫ d] * ɒː * Occurrences: 5974 * Examples * acorn: [e j k ʰ ɒ ː n] * daub: [d ɒ ː b] * chaw: [t ʃ ɒ ː] * caut: [k ʰ ɒ ː t] ``` `````` #### Diphthongs * {ipa_inline}`aj` * {ipa_inline}`aw` * {ipa_inline}`ej` * {ipa_inline}`ow` * {ipa_inline}`ɔj` * {ipa_inline}`əw`